Scientists private created the darkness measure, D gather, for how darkish you’d also very effectively be

Moshagen, M., Hilbig, B. E., & Zettler, I. (2018). The darkish core of persona. Psychological Review, 125, 656-688.
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Customary newsletter spelling out the theoretical thought and definition of D and demonstrating that (i) many darkish traits are (largely) subsumed by D, (ii) D accounts for various aversive (behavioral) outcomes, whereas the negate darkish traits present shrimp to no additional clarification of these outcomes (past D), (iii) D shall be completely represented by subsets of indicators in accordance with its fluid nature (i.e. D shall be measured by any mixture of darkish trait indicators), and (iv) within objects of overall persona construction, D is positioned all over more than one dimensions (especially Honesty-Humility, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness).

Moshagen, M., Zettler, I., & Hilbig, B. E. (2020). Measuring the darkish core of persona. Psychological Evaluation, 32, 182-196.
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Essentially based completely on rational merchandise preference tactics and recordsdata from seven huge and extremely heterogeneous samples (complete N > 165,000), merchandise sets (comprising 70, 35, and 16 objects, respectively) suited to an financial and psychometrically superior pronounce evaluate of D are identified. For more on measuring D and all merchandise translations, gaze Measuring D below.

Bader, M., Hartung, J., Hilbig, B. E., Zettler, I., Moshagen, M., & Wilhelm, O. (in press). Topics of the darkish core of persona. Psychological Evaluation.
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Extra investigates the internal construction of the D70 merchandise bid to measure D in accordance with three huge and heterogeneous samples. Shows that a bifactor construction modeling D alongside with 5 explicit elements — or themes — labeled Callousness, Deceitfulness, Narcissistic Entitlement, Sadism, and Vindictiveness, yields a superior size model for D. For more on measuring D and all merchandise translations, gaze Measuring D below.

Zettler, I., Moshagen, M., & Hilbig, B. E. (2021). The darkish component of persona shapes darkish traits. Social Psychological and Persona Science, 12, 974-983.
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Tests the theoretical concept that D is the underlying tendency from which explicit darkish traits come up as flavored manifestations. Shows in 4-Three hundred and sixty five days longitudinal recordsdata that D is stable and indeed more so than explicit darkish traits and that D longitudinally accounts for (swap in) darkish traits, in most cases more so than the darkish traits themselves. As an illustration, D (modeled with none spitefulness objects!) is a descriptively better predictor of spitefulness four years later than spitefulness itself.

Hartung, J., Bader, M., Moshagen, M., & Wilhelm, O. (in press). Age and Gender Variations in Socially Aversive (“Dark”) Persona Traits. European Journal of Persona.

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Investigates the construction of the D Ingredient of Persona all over age and gender utilizing Native Structural Equation Modeling. Shows that the construction of D is extremely stable all over both age and gender, thereby supporting the conceptualization of the D component. Extra, males exhibited increased ranges on D than females, and the level on D decreases as age increases.

Horsten, L. K., Moshagen, M., Zettler, I., & Hilbig, B. E. (in press). Theoretical and empirical dissociations between the Dark Ingredient of Persona and low Honesty-Humility. Journal of Compare in Persona.

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Specifies the theoretical and conceptual variations between the final core of darkish traits, the D component, and HEXACO Honesty-Humility. Demonstrates all over four stories and several requirements (pretentiousness, distrust-connected beliefs, and empathy) that D and low Honesty-Humility are simplest understood as functionally diversified and nomologically certain constructs.

Moshagen, M., Zettler, I., Horsten, L. K., & Hilbig, B. E. (2020). Agreeableness and the final core of darkish traits are functionally diversified constructs. Journal of Compare in Persona.
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Tests and rejects the concept that the final core of darkish traits, the D component, is definitely equal to the low pole of (Colossal 5) Agreeableness. Shows that D and Agreeableness are functionally certain, that is, tale for diversified variance parts in theoretically connected requirements, especially dishonest habits, justifying beliefs, and (lack of) empathy and guilt.

Hilbig, B. E., Thielmann, I., Klein, S. A., Moshagen, M. & Zettler, I. (in press). The darkish core of persona and socially aversive psychopathology. Journal of Persona.
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Demonstrates the conceptual and empirical overlap between D and socially aversive traits as studied in irregular psychology: narcissistic, antisocial, paranoid and borderline psychopathology. Shows that – despite the restricted theoretical and operational correspondence between explicit darkish traits and cases of psychopathology – D is effectively suited as a overall cause clarification and outpredicts no longer handiest the paunchy fluctuate of overall persona dimensions (including those most strongly connected to D: Honesty-Humility, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) in accounting for aversive psychopathology, but in actual fact the same cases of psychopathology themselves.